Balancing Faith and Health
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, a time of deep spiritual reflection, self-discipline, and communal unity. Muslims worldwide fast from dawn until sunset, refraining from eating and drinking during daylight hours. Although fasting is obligatory for all healthy adult Muslims, exceptions apply to those with medical conditions, including diabetes, for whom fasting may have health consequences.
Allah (SWT) says in the Qur’an:
“But if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number (should be made up) from other days.”
(Surah Al-Baqarah 2:184)
This ayah illustrates the significance of health characterized by exceptions for those who may experience difficulty in observing fast. Those with diabetes should plan carefully and consult their healthcare professional to observe Ramadan safely.
Understanding Diabetes and Fasting
Diabetes is a long-lasting condition that results in elevated blood glucose levels in the body due to either a lack of insulin production or insulin action. For people with diabetes, fasting during Ramadan poses risks including hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), dehydration, and diabetic ketoacidosis.
In 1996, the International Islamic Fiqh Council, in cooperation with the Islamic Organisation for Medical Sciences, classified diabetic patients into four categories based on the potential damage from fasting:
- High Risk: Do not fast if you have poorly controlled diabetes, severe hypoglycemia, or hyperglycemia.
- Moderate Risk: Individuals with well-controlled diabetes on medication that can cause hypoglycemia should speak with their healthcare provider.
- Low Risk: With the proper advice, individuals whose diabetes is well controlled (particularly Type 2 through lifestyle alone) may be able to fast.
- Severe Complications: Fast is contraindicated.
These classifications aid in deciding whether or not to fast in Ramadan.
Islamic Perspective on Fasting with Diabetes
Health preservation is an important component of Islam, which allows fasting exemptions to anyone for whom fasting would be harmful. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also said:
“There is (to be) no harm nor reciprocating harm.”
(Sunan Ibn Majah 2340)
This Hadith confirms that any act that could be harmful must be avoided. Thus, a person with diabetes, who would be at risk for their health, as is confirmed by a physician, should break their fast, making up the days, later on, or fidya (feeding a needy person) if he cannot fast.
Guidelines for Managing Diabetes During Ramadan
People with diabetes willing to fast can follow these tips:
Medical Assessment Before Ramadan
Consult with a healthcare professional 6 to 8 weeks prior to Ramadan to evaluate if fasting is safe and determine what adjustments need to be made with medication and meals.
Blood Glucose Monitoring
Monitoring regularly is important to avoid hypo- or hyperglycemia. It is also important to note that checking blood sugars does not break the fast.
Medication Adjustments
As a result, fasting hours will require some adjustments to prevent hypoglycemia. It should be done with medical supervision.
Nutritional Recommendations
- Suhoor (Pre Dawn Meal): Have complex carbohydrates and fiber-rich foods for long-lasting energy.
- Iftar (Breaking fast): Start with dates and water, then have a wholesome meal. Do not consume excessive amounts of fried and sugary foods.
Physical Activity
Take almost mild to moderately intense activity and exercise, ideally following Iftar, to remain in great shape.
Recognizing Warning Signs
Be mindful of symptoms such as dizziness, sweating, confusion, or palpitations that may suggest abnormal blood sugar levels. If such symptoms do occur, terminate the fast at once and obtain medical help if needed.
Conclusion: Harmonising Devotion and Well-being
Fasting during Ramadan is a very spiritual practice, but it is not a requirement of Islam if it puts you at risk in terms of health. If you have diabetes you will be required to take some precautions like speaking with your doctor before fasting and planning. Thus, they make an honor to their faith as well as to God focusing on the protection of their health. May all fasting for Ramadan be given health, ease, and acceptance Ameen, ya Rabb (SWT).
